VERA Platform_657 Anuța Stan "" iao@st-andrews.ac.uk Romanian Artisan image/jpeg IMAGE University of St Andrews VERA Platform "" image/jpeg Image "Anu\u021ba Stan in her workshop" image/jpeg Marius Muresan Image "Anu\u021ba Stan in her workshop" image/jpeg Marius Muresan Image "Anu\u021ba Stan in her workshop" image/jpeg Marius Muresan Image "Interview with Anu\u021ba Stan (video file with no video, only audio)" video/mp4 Video "Interview with Anu\u021ba Stan (video file with no video, only audio)" video/mp4 Video "The components that define the image of the traditional costume are the traiste (shoulder bags) and desagi (saddle bags). These items serve both a functional-utilitarian and an informational-aesthetic role.\r\nTheir purpose and usability distinguish them as tr\u0103istu\u021be (small bags), trai\u0219te (larger shoulder bags), and desagi (saddle bags).\r\nThe variation within this group of items was determined by criteria such as size, color, ornamentation, and the raw materials used. Based on the materials from which they were made, traiste and desagi could be crafted from hemp, wool, or finely woven wool (l\u00e2ni\u021b\u0103).\r\nThe way these bags were carried also differed. Tr\u0103istu\u021bele and trai\u0219tele were worn over the shoulder or diagonally, in a style called "arce\u0219te". Desagi, on the other hand, were carried bilaterally, either over the shoulder or across a saddle. They were most commonly made from a single integral piece of fabric. Tr\u0103istu\u021bele and trai\u0219tele were complemented by baier\u0103, br\u00e2u, or bat\u0103, which helped support and carry them over the shoulder . These straps could be made by twisting multiple threads together, weaving them with two heddles, or handpicking the patterns. Some tr\u0103istu\u021be and desagi featured pave (folded extensions) that made them more spacious.\r\nTr\u0103istu\u021bele were an essential accessory for children, especially for those attending school, as they were used to carry textbooks and other school supplies at the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century. According to field informants, tr\u0103istu\u021bele were also used by children when they went Christmas carolling (colindatul) and New Year\u2019s Eve wishing (uratul), where they collected the gifts offered by the householders as tokens of goodwill and prosperity." Movable Heritage "One of the most important manifestations of traditional culture, the result of the creative effort of a whole community and a real brand\r\nof identity, is the traditional\/popular costume. In Maramures, the most important piece of clothing and the element that establishes the genesis of the Romanian folk costume is the shirt, which synthesizes the most traditional elements and, at the same time,\r\nthe most numerous artistic elements of ornamentation. For both man and women the belt is a defining part of the shirt, that beyond its functionality, simbolizes the magic protective circle. The women belt that in some areas of Maramures can have a length up to 4 meters it secures both the shirt and the skirt and protects the ones whom wears it from evil, ensuring prosperity and fertility. " Movable Heritage "A decorative item used in household, it distinctive for the area of S\u0103p\u00e2n\u021ba, Maramure\u0219." Movable Heritage "A decorative item used in household, it is distinctive for the area of S\u0103p\u00e2n\u021ba, Maramure\u0219, because of its decorative style and colors.The Cerga de S\u0103p\u00e2n\u021ba (S\u0103p\u00e2n\u021ba wool blanket) shrinks to its proper size only in the v\u00e2ltoare (a traditional water-powered washing whirlpool), whereas other cergi (wool blankets) are further processed after v\u00e2ltorare by being passed through a piu\u0103 (a fulling mechanism) that beats the fabric until it reaches a p\u0103nur\u0103 (felt-like texture).\r\n\r\nThe Cerga de S\u0103p\u00e2n\u021ba is woven using four heddles with a wool warp, while other cergi may also use cotton or hemp warp threads in addition to wool." Movable Heritage ".S\u0103p\u00e2n\u021ba is not a common village, precisely because it holds on its territory a rare treasure, hard to value in money or words \u2013 CIMITIRUL VESEL (THE MERRY CEMETERY). The Merry Cemetery of S\u0103p\u00e2n\u021ba \u2013 globally unique and world value monument, where tomb\u2019s crosses are not only guarding the graves, but they are also explicitly speaking in words. The Merry Cemetery of S\u0103p\u00e2n\u021ba, where the epitaphs, unique in the word, show the richness and originality of the Romanian life philosophy and the Romanian mentality of thinking lively and authentically even about after-life things." Intangable Heritage 47.9667699419435 23.6999999964607