Physical Object An inanimate, three-dimensional object or substance. Note that digital representations of, or surrogates for, these objects should use Moving Image, Still Image, Text or one of the other types. Prim Media 122 Material Ram’s scrotum, woollen and cotton fabric, bone and metal accessories Tawing, sewing, cutting, smoothing, drilling Natural Cultural Cultural External ID UTARTU_AR_01 Field Worker Kristi Grünberg Function During the 17–19th centuries leather pouches made of ram’s testicles, were used as money-bags and tobacco pouches. They were tanned along with the skins and decorated with applique, beads, copper rings and fabric. Nowadays the pouch is suitable for coins, cellphone, pipe, dice, tobacco, talisman etc. Creation Purpose Made for sale Technique Tawing, sewing, cutting, smoothing, drilling. It is the form of the scrotum, among other things, that fascinates the artisan Monika Hint. Seeking to make the most of this material, she combines skin with textiles for durability, functionality and looks, and with details made of bone, which is another favorite material of hers. She either taws scrotums with alum and salt, which produces results quickly, or tans them in acidified rye flour. In the latter case, scrotums are soaked for several days in fermented cereal mixture made of flour. In addition to rye, wheat, barley, and oats can be used to process leather. Flour tanning is one of the oldest tanning technologies in Estonia and is particularly suitable for sheep and ram skins. Material Source Collaborating with local farmers, hunters and other artisans, Monika Hint uses and often recycles bone, horn, leather, wool and other natural materials to create products that build on and develop further traditional methods and artefacts. The pouches made in Koordikamber are organic for the simple reason that nowadays only organic farms keep rams, i.e. uncastrated male sheep. The scrotums come from a small organic farm in southern Estonia. Conecept While these products are of high quality and exclusive, they come from an ethos of subsistence that for centuries used to define rural life in Estonia. Monika Hint aims to keep the production process as nature-friendly, local, simple and resource efficient as possible. This means using as few resources as possible, recycling as much possible and minimizing waste. In fact, much of what she works with is waste: byproducts and materials that others have no use for. Production Quality The scrotums are delivered to Monika Hint maybe twice a year in batches of approximately 10. Because this raw material is so precious, and the traditional techniques used to process it tend to be time-consuming and labor-intensive, Monika Hint makes artefacts out of ram’s scrotum only a couple of times a year. Tool Knives, awls, burscissors, needle, thread. Dublin Core The Dublin Core metadata element set is common to all Omeka records, including items, files, and collections. For more information see, http://dublincore.org/documents/dces/. Title A name given to the resource A pouch made of a ram’s scrotum Type The nature or genre of the resource Physical Object Description An account of the resource Monika Hint, an student of the University of Tartu Viljandi Culture Academy, runs her own studio, Koordikamber, in Koordi farm in Viljandi county. Collaborating with fellow artisans, local farmers, and hunters, she uses bone, horn, leather, wool, and other natural, often recycled materials to create products that build on and develop further traditional technologies. Koordikamber also offers courses and workshops. Tanning and tawing are traditional leather processing methods in Estonia. While tanning requires vegetables or flour, alum and salt are used in tawing. Until the beginning of the 20th century, these skills were widely practised domestically, though there also existed village tanners. During the 17–19th centuries leather pouches made of ram’s scrotums were used as money bags and tobacco pouches. They were tanned along with the skins and decorated with applique, beads, copper rings and fabric. Nowadays the pouch is suitable for coins, cellphone, pipe, dice, tobacco, talisman etc Date A point or period of time associated with an event in the lifecycle of the resource 2019 Creator An entity primarily responsible for making the resource 934,647 Extent The size or duration of the resource. 18cm x 13cm x cm Contributor An entity responsible for making contributions to the resource iain Identifier An unambiguous reference to the resource within a given context 91 Source A related resource from which the described resource is derived 11estonia,craftedobjects,estoniaobjects,viljandicountymap Date Submitted Date of submission of the resource. Examples of resources to which a Date Submitted may be relevant are a thesis (submitted to a university department) or an article (submitted to a journal). 14/09/2024 Spatial Coverage Spatial characteristics of the resource. current,58.321648,25.726901; Date Modified Date on which the resource was changed. 24/02/2026 Alternative Title An alternative name for the resource. The distinction between titles and alternative titles is application-specific. Tubakakott References A related resource that is referenced, cited, or otherwise pointed to by the described resource. Hint, Monika. 2013. “Luu töötlemine lamba sääreluust vilepilli näitel.” Studia Vernacula 4: 58-72. https://doi.org/10.12697/sv.2013.4.58-72. Uus, Made 2019. “Traditional Leather Processing Using Domestic Methods in Estonia.” Studia Vernacula 11: 164–179. https://doi.org/10.12697/sv.2019.11.164-179. Europeana Specific elements of the Europeana Semantic Elements. Europeana Type The Europeana material type of the resource. TEXT Object The URL of a suitable source image in the best resolution available on the web site of the data provider from which small images could be generated for use in the portal. This will often be the same URL as given in europeana:isShownBy. https://culturality.museum/11-2/