Models for baking small bread (mali kruhek)

Models for baking small bread (mali kruhek)

Woodcarving in general is a craft technique of shaping wood by carving decorative or functional motifs. In Slovenia, it has a long tradition, especially in the Gorenjska, Štajerska, and Ribnica regions, where it developed alongside carpentry and woodenware production. It was often present in sacred art, in the making of wooden statues, altars, and decorative furniture elements. Today, woodcarving is preserved both as an artistic and a craft practice, with many artisans combining traditional and modern techniques. Craft workshops, museums, and folk art festivals play an important role in preserving this heritage. The carving of moulds for pressing out dough for small bread is a particular feature of Škofja Loka and its surroundings.

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practices

iain

Intangible

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Rezbarjenje modelčkov za peko "malega kruhka"

13/01/2026

13/01/2026

http://www.nesnovnadediscina.si/en/register-of-intangible-cultural-heritage/making-small-breads-and-wooden-models https://www.obrazislovenskihpokrajin.si/oseba/plestenjak-podlogar-petra/ https://www.kulturnadozivetja.si/rokodelski-center-duo/mojstri-rokodelci/item/28-petra-plestenjak-podlogar.html

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current,46.16645630152873,14.307220267982746;

University of St Andrews

TEXT

2089

Closely linked to the practice of carving these models is the practice of baking "mali kruhek" (small bread). Both together are also listed in the Slovenian Register of Intangible Heritage. http://www.nesnovnadediscina.si/en/register-of-intangible-cultural-heritage/making-small-breads-and-wooden-models

Barbara Ivančič Kutin

Woodcarving requires various skills that enable precise and creative work with wood. Manual dexterity and precision: a woodcarver must have good control over tools and the ability to shape fine details. Knowledge of wood: understanding different types of wood, their structure, hardness, and properties is essential for successful carving. Tool proficiency: mastering traditional carving tools such as chisels, knives, and files, as well as modern equipment for more precise or efficient work. Spatial visualization and design skills: the ability to envision the final product and a good sense of proportion and aesthetics. Patience and perseverance – Carving is a demanding and time-consuming process, so precision and persistence are key to achieving high-quality results.These skills allow a woodcarver to develop their own style and create unique pieces that reflect their creativity and technical expertise.

In Škofja Loka and Slovenia in general, the knowledge of woodcarving is passed on in group and individual workshops led by experienced craftsmen.

Exact data on the total number of woodcarvers in Slovenia and the percentage of women among them is not available. Given the traditionally male-dominated nature of craft professions, it is likely that the proportion of women among woodcarvers is lower, but without precise data, this cannot be confirmed. But it is the female carver - Petra Plestenjak Podlogar - who is best known for carving the little bread models.

The carving of molds for mali kruhek (small bread) - a type of honey pastry shaped in wooden molds) holds several important social functions and cultural meanings for communities, groups, and individuals today. Preservation of cultural heritage: this is a traditional craft passed down through generations, helping to maintain knowledge of folk woodcarving and honey pastry baking. Identity and community bonding: in places where mold carving and "mali kruhek" baking are still practiced, this tradition strengthens local identity and a sense of belonging. It is often associated with holidays, fairs, and local festivals. Artistic and craft expression: carving these molds is not just a craft but also an artistic expression, where artisans create unique motifs, often with historical or symbolic meanings. Touristic and economic aspect: wooden molds and "mali kruhek" are valued as souvenirs and part of the local tourism offer, contributing to the promotion of regional culture and providing additional income for artisans. Personal meaning and symbolism: baking and gifting "mali kruhek" often carry symbolic values related to luck, prosperity, and good wishes, giving this tradition special emotional significance for individuals. Thus, the carving of molds for "mali kruhek" continues to play an important role in preserving cultural heritage, strengthening community ties, and fostering artistic creativity.

The origins of carving molds for dough stamping date back to the Middle Ages when they were primarily used by monasteries and the wealthier classes to create ceremonial pastries. Over time, the practice spread to craftsmen and peasants, with designs adapting to local traditions. This was also the case of "mali kruhek" (small bread) in Škofja Loka, where the tradition expanded from the monastery. Initially, the molds were crafted by skilled carvers, but later, bakers and local artisans also took up the practice. While the techniques have remained largely unchanged due to the handmade nature of the craft, the tradition continues to thrive, particularly through handicraft workshops, museums, and tourist event.

No specific organisation is linked to this practice.

Workshops are held in the museum and handicraft centre in Škofja Lokita and in the workshop of carver Petra Plestenjak Podlogar for individual participants.

Industrial production

Machine-made wooden products with a relief similar to hand carving are much cheaper; uninformed customers find carved products expensive because they do not realise how many hours of work go into a single product. .

Diminishing youth interest

The economic viability of carving is uncertain, making it less attractive as a professional activity. It is more interesting as a hobby or as a complementary activity.

Insufficient financial resources,Increased income disparity

Hand-carved products are more expensive than the industrially produced ones sold in souvenir shops, due to the time investment involved. In addition, shops have high margins, which make the product even more expensive. Sales are limited to orders and to the museum shop and the handicraft centre, which have lower margins.

Škofja Loka, one of Slovenia’s oldest and best-preserved medieval towns, is rich in historical, natural, social, cultural, and economic significance. Founded in the 10th century, Škofja Loka was a key administrative center under the rule of the Bishops of Freising, who governed the area for over 800 years. The town’s medieval layout remains largely intact, with landmarks like Škofja Loka Castle, historic townhouses, and remnants of defensive walls. Historically, Škofja Loka thrived on trade, crafts, and agriculture, with traditional industries such as ironworking, textile production, and woodworking playing an essential role. Today, the local economy is diverse, with tourism, small-scale manufacturing, and services being dominant sectors.

The carving of the small bread moulds is carried out with minimal tools such as wooden planks and various chisels, as well as abrasive tools (mainly cotton cloth or a natural brush). The only pre-prepared materials are the basic wooden tiles and the basic shape cut into them, which is prepared by the joiner using machines.

Carving does not require a lot of space or expensive equipment. It can be adapted for children, the elderly and people with disabilities, making it an inclusive craft.

Yes, the practice contributes to environmental sustainability, as it uses only natural materials, in fact mostly wood waste, and does not require electricity.

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Decent Work and Economic Growth,Sustainable Cities and Communities,Responsible Consumption and Production,Life On Land

Škofja Loka, Gorenjska, Slovenia

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